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The Wawel Hill & Castle

Kraków’s Wawel Hill is the ancient nucleus of the city itself. Perched neatly on a limestone bluff on the banks of the meandering Vistula River, this naturally defensible position has been the centre of human activity since the first ever settlements appeared in Kraków as early as the 4th century AD. On its top sits Kraków’s answer to the Roman Colosseum, the grandiose and magnificent 14th century Wawel Castle, an imposing and symbolic image of the city’s medieval might and superlative architecture.

Wawel Hill royal apartments

You can easily spend the entire day exploring the different parts of Wawel Hill and many different tours are available. I highly recommend these as the best way to get the very most out of your visit. The guides are fluent in English and very knowledgeable. You will come away with a greater understanding of Poland’s incredible royal history.

In the same vein of most all of Kraków’s iconic sites, the Wawel is shrouded in a mythic history characteristic of its medieval beginnings. Legends dating from the 7th century tell of a formidable Dragon, the Smok Wawelski, who terrorised the surrounding farmlands. The eponymous hero of the tale is the Slavic King Krakus, who is said to have enlisted the help of a clever local cobbler named Skuba, who defeated the dragon with a Trojan horse trick involving a sheep stuffed with sulphur. After devouring the poisoned sheep, the Smok Wawelski attempted to quench his thirst from the river, but was unable to stop drinking and finally died from gross over hydration.

Kraków Holiday Essentials

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Today, visitors can take a walk down the aptly named Ulica Smocza (Dragon Street), that runs parallel to the Wawel Hill, towards the cast metal sculpture of the Wawel Dragon that breaths fire at the intrepid onlookers. It’s situated near to the Smocza Jama, the Wawel’s most famous cave and supposed legendary lair of the Smok Wawelski himself.

Atop the Wawel Hill, Kraków’s medieval castle and palace complex dominates the city’s skyline on all sides. Elevated at a height of 230 metres above sea level, it looms dominatingly over the Old Town and Kazimierz districts that it separates. The complex contains a myriad of royal, religious and fortified buildings that date from various periods of constructions, beginning in the 11th century. The most notable (and formative) are perhaps the 15th century extensions made during the reign of King Jadwiga (1384-1399). These include a series of residential tower wings, the so called Danish Towers that jut out from the main body of the fortified castle walls, and the appropriately named Jadwiga Chamber that now houses Poland’s coronation sword, a national artefact.

Also of note are the 14th century gothic palace complexes built during the reign of King Casimir III. These form the boundaries of the Wawel’s curiously irregular central courtyard, and define the central structure of the castle as a whole. The construction projects during this period were particularly formative and of great importance to Poland’s development as a nation. For almost six hundred years the Wawel castle was the official residence of the Polish Monarchy, and Kraków was the capital, until this was transferred to Warsaw in the late 16th century.

In the early stages of the European Renaissance, the Wawel underwent sweeping architectural changes that saw many of its secular buildings reconstructed in the style of Italian and Neoclassical themes. The best example of this is perhaps the façade of the residence buildings that was completed in 1536 by Sigismund I in the style of the Florentine palatial frontispieces.

After Warsaw became Poland’s capital, the national focus shifted away from the Wawel Hill, and extensions stopped altogether. What’s more, during the Second World War, the Castle complex was used as the official residence for the German governor, and many of the historical and artistic riches were transported safely from the site. Today, however, the Wawel castle, with most of its artefacts restored in the post-war period, is an enduring symbol of Kraków’s historical power and preeminent beauty.

Old Town District: The historic heart of Kraków is the Old Town, including the Old Quarter in the north, and the Okół, Stradom, and Wawel Quarters to the south. In addition to the rich mix of cafes, bars, museums, and churches, the Old Town highlights include the Market Square and St. Mary’s Basilica, as well as Wawel Castle and Cathedral. Restaurants include Michelin-listed Albertina and 14th-century Wierzynek. You’ll also find some grand and historical places to stay, including Hotel Copernicus and the Bonerowski Palace.

Where Is This Place Located?

Find this location on the Visit Kraków Google map:
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For more suggestions, see our Kraków Sightseeing page, and check out our Two-Day Kraków, Three-Day Kraków and our Four-Day Kraków Itinerary pages, along with recommendations for Things To Do In Kraków. Consider investing in a KrakowCard to give you cheap access to lots of Kraków attractions.

 

Things To Do In Krakow

Start Planning Your Kraków Trip Now!

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:: World Nomads offers simple and flexible travel insurance. Buy at home or while traveling and claim online from anywhere in the world.

:: Get a KrakowCard 1-, 2- or 3-day pass that gives entry to almost 40 of the Kraków's fantastic attractions and unlimited use of the city's bus and tram network.

:: Need inspiration? Check our Kraków Itineraries for two-day, three-day, and four-day trips, as well as our Things To Do In Kraków guide for ideas of where to do and what to do.

Kraków Itineraries

  • First Time In Kraków
  • Things To Do In Kraków
  • Kraków Weekend Itinerary
  • Kraków Two Day Itinerary
  • Kraków Three Day Itinerary
  • Kraków Four Day Itinerary
  • Kraków Food Tours
  • Kraków Drink Tours
  • Kraków Walking Tours
  • Kraków Vistula River Cruises
  • Kraków Events Calendar

Kraków Museums

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  • Oskar Schindler’s Enamel Factory
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Kraków Day Trips

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Kraków Hotels

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Kraków Airport

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  • Getting From Kraków Airport To Kraków City Centre
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Kraków Essentials

  • Kraków Basics
  • Packing List For Kraków 2025
  • How Much Money Do I Need For Kraków?
  • Where To Get A SIM Card In Kraków
  • KrakowCard Museum and Travel Pass
  • Shopping In Kraków
  • Why You Need Travel Insurance For Poland
  • Guide To Staying Safe In Kraków
  • How To Deal With An Emergency In Kraków

Explore Kraków

  • How To Get To Kraków
  • Kraków Central Train Station
  • How To Travel From The UK To Kraków
  • Getting Around in Kraków
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  • Michelin Restaurants In Kraków 2024
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  • Christmas In Kraków
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Kraków Districts

  • Kraków Old Town Area Guide
  • Kazimierz Area Guide
  • Piasek Area Guide
  • Nowa Huta Area Guide

Kraków Maps

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Beyond Kraków

  • Visit Zakopane – Poland’s Outdoor Activity Capital
  • Guide To Mt. Gubałówka – Zakopane
  • How To Travel From Kraków To Other Polish Cities
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Visit Warsaw

  • Visit Warsaw
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Visit Gdańsk

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  • How To Travel From Kraków To Gdańsk

Visit Łódź

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Kraków And COVID-19

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Krakow Essentials

  • Kraków Basics
  • Packing List For Kraków 2025
  • How Much Money Do I Need For Kraków?
  • Where To Get A SIM Card In Kraków
  • KrakowCard Museum and Travel Pass
  • Shopping In Kraków
  • Why You Need Travel Insurance For Poland
  • Guide To Staying Safe In Kraków
  • How To Deal With An Emergency In Kraków

Krakow Trip Planning

  • First Time In Kraków
  • Things To Do In Kraków
  • Kraków Weekend Itinerary
  • Kraków Two Day Itinerary
  • Kraków Three Day Itinerary
  • Kraków Four Day Itinerary
  • Kraków Food Tours
  • Kraków Drink Tours
  • Kraków Walking Tours
  • Kraków Vistula River Cruises
  • Kraków Events Calendar

Krakow Airport Guide

  • Kraków Airport Guide
  • Getting From Kraków Airport To Kraków City Centre
  • Getting From Kraków City Centre To Kraków Airport
  • Kraków Airport Hotels

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